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Description

Error 1149 indicates that the MariaDB server has encountered an invalid SQL statement. This means the query or command you attempted to execute does not conform to the expected syntax rules, preventing the server from understanding and processing it.

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Error Message

You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MariaDB server version for the right syntax to use

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Known Causes

4 known causes

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Typos or Misspellings

A common cause is a simple typo in keywords, table names, column names, or other identifiers within the SQL statement.

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Incorrect Syntax for Version

The SQL statement might use syntax specific to another database system or an older/newer MariaDB version, which is not supported by the current server.

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Missing/Extra Punctuation

SQL queries rely heavily on correct punctuation like commas, parentheses, quotes, and semicolons. An omission or surplus can lead to a syntax error.

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Misuse of Reserved Keywords

Using a MariaDB reserved keyword (e.g., SELECT, FROM, WHERE) as an identifier for a table or column without proper escaping can cause this error.

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Solutions

4 solutions available

1. Review and Correct SQL Statement easy

Carefully examine your SQL query for typos, misplaced keywords, or incorrect punctuation.

1

Identify the exact SQL statement that is causing the error. This is usually provided in the error message or in your application's logs.

2

Compare the problematic SQL statement against the MariaDB SQL syntax documentation for your specific server version. Pay close attention to keywords, data types, function names, and operators.

SELECT column1, column2 FROM my_table WHERE condition = 'value' AND another_column=123;

3

Look for common syntax errors such as:
- Missing or extra commas.
- Misspelled keywords (e.g., 'SELEC' instead of 'SELECT').
- Incorrect use of quotes (e.g., using double quotes for string literals when single quotes are expected, or vice-versa depending on configuration and context).
- Unmatched parentheses or brackets.
- Incorrectly placed `WHERE`, `GROUP BY`, `ORDER BY`, or `LIMIT` clauses.
- Using reserved keywords as identifiers without proper quoting (e.g., `ORDER` as a column name without backticks).

4

Correct any identified syntax errors and re-execute the SQL statement.

2. Verify Reserved Keywords Usage easy

Ensure that any identifiers used as column or table names are not MariaDB reserved keywords, or are properly quoted.

1

List the column and table names used in your SQL query.

2

Consult the MariaDB documentation for a list of reserved keywords for your specific version. Common examples include `SELECT`, `FROM`, `WHERE`, `ORDER`, `GROUP`, `TABLE`, `COLUMN`, `INDEX`, etc.

3

If any of your identifiers are reserved keywords, enclose them in backticks (`).

SELECT `order`, `table` FROM `my_table` WHERE `date` = '2023-10-27';

4

Re-execute the query with the corrected identifiers.

3. Check Data Type Compatibility and Formatting medium

Ensure that the data being inserted or compared matches the expected data types and is formatted correctly.

1

Examine the `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, or `WHERE` clauses in your SQL statement.

2

Verify that string literals are enclosed in single quotes (`'`) and numeric literals are not.

INSERT INTO my_table (name, age) VALUES ('Alice', 30);

3

For date and time values, ensure they are in a format MariaDB recognizes (e.g., 'YYYY-MM-DD' for dates, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS' for timestamps).

UPDATE my_table SET event_time = '2023-10-27 14:30:00' WHERE id = 1;

4

If you are using variables or parameters in your query, ensure they are correctly passed and formatted before being interpolated into the SQL string.

5

Correct any formatting issues and re-run the query.

4. Examine Application-Generated SQL medium

If the SQL is generated by an application, investigate the application's code for syntax errors before it reaches the database.

1

If the SQL query is dynamically generated by an application (e.g., using an ORM, a query builder, or string concatenation), review the application's code that constructs the SQL.

2

Look for issues in how the SQL string is built, especially if string concatenation is used. This is a common source of syntax errors, particularly with quotes and special characters.

String sql_query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = '" + userInput + "'"; // Potentially unsafe and error-prone

3

Prefer parameterized queries or prepared statements provided by your programming language's database connector. These handle escaping and formatting correctly.

PreparedStatement pstmt = connection.prepareStatement("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = ?");
pstmt.setString(1, userInput);
ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery();

4

Log the generated SQL query from your application *before* it's sent to the database. This will help in debugging.

5

Debug the application code to fix the SQL generation logic and then re-run.

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Related Errors

5 related errors

MariaDB Error 1149: SQL Syntax Error Encountered